All figures are derived estimates based on published data, not policy proposals.

These scenarios model what would be recoverable if a policy were applied globally. Actual outcomes would vary by jurisdiction and enforcement.

Methodology Targets the buy-borrow-die strategy. When unrealised gains are used as loan collateral, the economic benefit is equivalent to a realisation event. Provisional estimate assumes ~40% of billionaire wealth is pledged as collateral (based on Fed and academic estimates of UHNWI securities-backed lending), taxed at a 25% effective rate.
Sources: Summers & Sarin (2019); ProPublica reporting on billionaire tax rates; Federal Reserve SCF data.